What are the two forces acting on a vessel during a turn that cause an angle of heel?

The correct answer highlights that during a turn, two primary forces interact to create an angle of heel: centrifugal force and centripetal force.

Centrifugal force is a perceived force that acts outward on a mass moving in a circular path, directed away from the center of rotation. As a vessel turns, this force causes the ship to want to move outward from the turn, which results in the ship leaning or heeling to the side due to its inertia.

On the other hand, centripetal force is the force that is required to keep the vessel moving in a circular path, acting inward toward the center of the circle along which the ship is turning. This force must be provided by the ship's hull and is closely associated with the ship's weight and the water's buoyancy, as these forces help counteract the outward lean caused by centrifugal force.

In essence, the interaction of these two forces during a vessel’s turn determines the amount of heel experienced. Understanding how these forces operate is crucial for navigation and ensuring stability during maneuvers.