What can cause a vessel to experience a list when carrying grain?

A vessel can experience a list when carrying grain due to a sudden shift of grain in one hold because of the nature of granular materials. When grain is loaded into a hold, it is stored in a way that relies on the vessel's motion and the forces acting upon it. If there is movement, such as during rough seas or sudden changes in the vessel's speed or direction, the grain can shift from its original position. This shift alters the center of gravity and can create a moment that causes the vessel to list to one side.

Grain tends to flow and settle based on the forces acting upon it, and an abrupt shift can be significant enough to change the distribution of weight on the vessel. Thus, maintaining proper stowage and considering the vessel's stability are critical in preventing such incidents. Recognizing that the stability of a vessel is closely linked to the distribution and movement of its cargo is essential for safe maritime operations.