What is the critical angle of heel?

The critical angle of heel is defined as the maximum angle at which a vessel can safely operate without capsizing. This concept is fundamental to the stability of a vessel, as exceeding this angle can lead to a loss of stability and an increased risk of capsizing due to the shifting of the center of buoyancy and the metacentric height. A vessel's design and stability characteristics determine this angle, which must be taken into account by mariners to ensure safe operations, particularly in adverse conditions or during maneuvers that might induce heel. Understanding the critical angle helps in managing the vessel's performance and ensuring safety while navigating.